Which of the following is an example of malware?

Ransomware is classified as a type of malware because it is specifically designed to infiltrate systems and restrict access to files or entire systems until a ransom is paid to the attacker. The nature of ransomware is malicious, as it typically encrypts files, making them inaccessible, and demands payment for the decryption key.

In contrast, firewalls, antivirus software, and web browsers serve defensive or functional roles in cybersecurity. Firewalls monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules. Antivirus software protects systems from various forms of malware by detecting and removing harmful programs. Web browsers enable users to access and interact with content on the internet, but they do not contain malicious capabilities themselves. Thus, ransomware stands out as a clear example of malware due to its harmful intent and functionality.