What is ransomware?

Ransomware is a specific type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system or data until a sum of money is paid. In practice, ransomware typically encrypts the victim's files and displays a message demanding payment—often in cryptocurrency— to restore access. This process can be particularly devastating, as users may lose access to important files or be forced to pay a ransom to regain control over their own data. The mechanism operates on the principle of coercion, compelling the victim to make a difficult choice between compliance with the demand or permanent loss of their data. Understanding ransomware is vital for individuals and organizations, as it emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity measures such as data backups, access controls, and employee training on recognizing phishing attempts that could lead to ransomware infections.