What does the term 'malware' refer to?

The term 'malware' refers to software that is specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. This type of software encompasses various malicious programs, including viruses, worms, spyware, ransomware, and trojan horses, all of which have harmful intentions towards computers and networks. Malware can lead to data theft, loss of performance, or even complete system failure, making it a serious threat to both individual and organizational cybersecurity.

The other options describe functions or software that aim to perform useful or protective roles, which are not the focus of malware. For example, software designed to enhance performance or tools for secure password creation serve to improve security and efficiency, while network security measures are preventative tools to protect against threats, rather than being threats themselves.